Determination of heavy metal content in plants rhizosphere grown under organic agriculture

Abstract

: Heavy metals in the environment when present in excess have negative effect on survival of plants causing diminished physiological and molecular activities. As they are hard to degrade, their exchangeable fraction is accumulated in plants and animals, thus entering the food chain. As one of the major concerns among consumers worldwide is food safety, organic agriculture is a promising system for its preservation. In this work we have examined soil samples from the plant rhizosphere grown in organic production system at 5 different locations: Gložani, Svilajnac, Čenej 1, Čenej 2 and Temerin, for metal presence and chemical characteristics (soil acidity, humus content and free CaCO3 content). Determination of the total metal content ((As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn)) in soil samples was performed according to EPA 6010C method using inductively coupled plasma-optima emission spectrometry (ISP-OES). Results showed that the sampled soil is mainly of alkaline character,moderatly carbonate and rich in humus. The content of metals, at all localities, did not exceed the maximum allowed concentrations for the following metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. In the case of cobalt deviation from the MLC value was observed in four samples. However, in the case of copper only one sample exceeded MDK value. Presented results indicate that maintenance and regular soil quality control is necessary in both organic and conventional agriculture

Teški metali u životnoj sredini, kada su prisutni u većim koncentracijama, imaju negativan uticaj na biljke izazivajući smanjene fiziološke i molekularne aktivnosti. Oni se teško razgrađuju, pa se njihova lako pristupačna forma lako akumulira u biljkama i životinjama, ulazeći tako u prehrambeni lanac. Kako je jedan od glavnih problema potrošača širom sveta sigurnost hrane, organska poljoprivreda je sistem za njeno očuvanje koji se zadnjih godina promoviše. U ovom radu rađeno je ispitivanje uzoraka zemljišta uzorkovanog iz rizosfere biljaka gajenih u organskoj proizvodnji na 5 različitih lokaliteta: Gložani, Svilajnac, Čenej 1, Čenej 2 and Temerin, Određen je pH zemljišta, sadržaj humusa i %CaCO3. Sadržaj ukupnih metala (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn)) u uzorcima zemljišta je urađen prema metodi EPA 6010C koristeći ICP-OES spektrometriju. Rezultati su pokazali da su ispitani uzorci bogati humusom, sa umerenim sadržajem karbonata i pretežno alkalnog karaktera. Sadržaj metala na svim lokalitetima nije prelazio maksimalno dozvoljene koncentracije za sledeće metale: arsen, kadmijum, hrom, gvožđe, mangan, nikal, olovo i cink. U slučaju kobalta odstupanje od graničnevrednosti je određeno u četiri uzorka. Međutim, u slučaju bakra samo je jedan uzorak premašio vrednost MDK. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je održavanje i redovan monitoring kvaliteta zemljišta neophodan kako u organskoj tako i u konvencionalnoj poljoprivredi.